Leadership

Utah's Governor Cox and Military Installation Development Authority propose Utah playing a leading role in nuclear and artifical intelligence technologies. The form of this leadership seems largely to be a matter of siting nuclear reactors, radioactive waste dump sites, and data centers in the state. Utah's leadership is mainly about cheap resources, tax breaks, and lax regulation. This is a plantation economy that impoverishes the majority, channeling the benefits to a small power elite. This is no kind of true leadership.

Nuclear and artificial intelligence technologies are clearly important, whatever role they might play in the future. Utah could take on a true leadership role. True technological leadership is a matter of the expertise of the people. Expertise can be organized in a variety of ways, in industrial corporations, in governmental agencies, and in civil society groups such as universities.

Nuclear technology is vast and involves expertise in a very broad array of disciplines. Applications include energy production, weapons, and medicine. Nuclear technology continues to be a key source of international conflict. It is a cornerstone of industrial and military power. On the other hand, mining and waste disposal bring disease and ecological degradation, and are thus vectors of disempowerment. Politics is therefore a field of major importance for nuclear technology. Geology is important not just for locating raw materials but also for understanding the pathways by which waste materials might escape their disposal sites over their long half-lives of radioactive toxicity. Biology and public health expertise is important for tracking and managing the risks of exposure to radioactive materials. All of these fields of expertise are invigorated by engagement across a range activities, from research and development to application.

Artificial intelligence is similarly vast. There are computer science and computer engineering challenges involved in making these systems more effective and efficient. There are sociological problems, to understand how these systems are changing the way people behave, are changing the structure of society. There are political problems, to understand how these systems empower some groups and disempower other groups, and how regulation might ameliorate the most negative of these shifts.

Our Utah officials could take bold steps to cultivate real leadership in nuclear technology and artificial intelligence. This means investing in people and organizations, rather than a race to the bottom, selling off assets at discounted prices.

Roll Your Own!

I was visiting the Bright Dawn Buddhist center in California recently and got to talking with Kanon Kubose about software technology. I mentioned my desire to have a web app that would allow people to experiment with alternative tuning systems. Kanon wanted to try using Claude Code. So... in just maybe a week of back and forth, we produced:

microtonal2.vercel.app

It's hardly a polished product... we need a name, for example! But it's already loads of fun to play with!

You can divide octaves into however many equal steps that you'd like, and also pick which primes should be used to define consonant intervals.

You can then build tonnetz-type diagrams whose x and y axes can be chosen from a range of consonant intervals.

The app will then show you a list of commas that the tuning tempers out. That's one of the main advantages of tempered tunings, that one can exploit in various ways commas that have been tempered out. The app will show the path on the tonnetz of a traversal of the comma one selects from the list.

You can then define a scale. A selection of Moment of Symmetry scales is provide, or one can construct an arbitrary scale manually. The scale I constructed manually is actually a Moment of Symmetry scale, generated by the 29\53 step interval corresponding to 35:24. That generating interval is just a bit too esoteric to appear in the app's list that one can pick from!

The composition algorithm, that I use and the app uses, is based on a score for intervals: low cost intervals are more likely to appear in the generated music. The scores are based on the complexity of the just intervals that each tempered interval approximates, and also on how well the tempered interval approximates those just intervals. Anyway you can play with those three sliders to get the interval cost matrix to look like it has promise.

I confess that I have not really played yet with controlling the voices in the composition. Feel free to give it a try!

Next one can specify the general structure of the composition to be produced - the number and topology of the measures. One can also control some of the basic scoring parameters: how wide or narrow should be the pitch ranges of the voices, how large should the pitch jumps of a voice be, etc. Adjusting these to see what the results sound like, that's a lot of the fun here.

The actual composition process is a thermodynamic simulation controlled by a temperature parameter. At a high temperature, pitches are chosen at random with little bias toward consonant intervals etc. At a low temperature, the lowest cost pitch will be picked. At intermediate temperatures, lower cost pitches will be preferred but there will still be a significant chance of a higher cost pitch being picked.

The pitch distribution bar chart on the right side of the screen is a good indicator of the regime that the temperature has driven the system into. With the cost structure that has been chosen, the temperature of 200 created a rather flat distribution of pitches, i.e. the system is in a high temperature regime.

4.8 is evidently a cold temperature, where the composition is dominated by just a few pitch classes.

A temperature of 8.3 has a promising pitch class histogram - not too flat, not too steep!

One can snapshot the system at whatever interesting points along the way, and then see and play a score.

The score at temperature 200 doesn't look utterly random, but nearly so. A snippet of sound: hot sound.

The cold system certainly looks ordered! And sounds it: cold sound.

The intermediate temperature indeed has intermediate structure. The sound, hmmm. It's quite a strange scale, so, hard to say! intermediate sound.